Les chiens en tant qu'espèce sont incroyablement diversifiés en taille. Il existe de minuscules races de chiens, des races de chiens gigantesques et tout le reste. La taille d'un chien affecte sa santé et joue généralement un rôle dans la détermination de la durée de vie d'un chien. Mais certaines personnes se sont demandé si les effets de la taille étaient plus profonds que cela :la taille d'un chien peut-elle prédire son intelligence ?
Types d'intelligence canine
Comment mesure-t-on l'intelligence chez le chien ? C'est une question difficile. Dans son livre L'intelligence des chiens , le professeur de psychologie Stanley Coren le divise en trois catégories :
- Intelligence instinctive :la capacité d'un chien à effectuer les tâches pour lesquelles il a été élevé (garder, rapporter, garder).
- Intelligence adaptative :la capacité d'un chien à résoudre des problèmes par lui-même.
- Intelligence de travail et d'obéissance :la capacité d'un chien à apprendre de l'homme et à exécuter sur commande. (Coren note que ce type d'intelligence est le type auquel la plupart des gens semblent s'intéresser, et le type d'intelligence que les essais d'obéissance canine mesurent.)
Les gros chiens sont-ils plus intelligents que les petits chiens ?
Coren a envoyé une série de questionnaires aux juges d'épreuves d'obéissance de l'American Kennel Club et du Canadian Kennel Club, leur demandant de classer les races de chiens en fonction de leurs performances.
Sur la base des 199 ensembles complets de réponses qu'il a reçues, Coren a créé un tableau. 
credit:Stanley Coren via Psychology Today
The chart shows medium to large dogs ranking as the most intelligent, with intelligence dropping off in both very small and very large dogs.
Can size really predict intelligence?
To be clear, The Intelligence of Dogs is not regarded as immutable truth. In Coren’s own words, the book “received a lot of media attention and scientific commentary, both pro and con” when it was first published. But, assuming he is onto something, what could account for the relationship between size and intelligence in dogs?
In his article for Psychology Today , Coren brings up Theodosius Dobzhansky, a behavior geneticist and evolutionary biologist. Dobzhansky says that evolution favors the middle of a population. In other words, individual animals at the extremes are never as well-adapted as the animals with “average” characteristics. 
We also have to take into account that humans tend to treat small dogs differently than they treat large dogs. It’s entirely possible that the way we treat our dogs has a bearing on the types of intelligence Coren tested for. For example, we have a tendency to forgive behaviors in small dogs that we reprimand in large dogs, such as jumping or barking. This phenomenon even has a name:small dog syndrome. A dog’s experiences with its owners could affect how the dog performs in such a test, especially in the area of “working and obedience intelligence.”
Does brain size affect a dog’s intelligence?
It’s tempting to theorize that brain size plays a part in a dog’s intelligence. Much fuss has been made about whether brain size — both overall, and relative to body size — is an accurate predictor of intelligence. Humans, historically, have wanted to believe that a large brain relative to body size equates to a more intelligent species. Pourquoi? Because that would mean we, as a species, are geniuses. However, it’s simply not true:brain size has very little to do with intelligence.
Alexandra Horowitz, author of the book Inside of a Dog:What Dogs See, Smell, and Know , points out that the brain of a wolf-sized dog is roughly 30 percent smaller than the brain of its ancestor, the gray wolf. Does that mean that the domesticated dog of today is less smart than its ancestor? Horowitz doesn’t think so:“When the mere gaze from the dewy eyes of a member of this species causes you to get up from the couch, repair to the refrigerator and retrieve a hunk of cheese for your charge—well, you tell me who is smarter.”
So, what was their conclusion?
Professor Coren’s research suggests that medium to large sized dogs are the most “intelligent,” based on the three intelligence categories he used in the study. However, those categories are limited, and his research was based on questionnaires from obedience trial judges, who are human and thus subject to biases. Additionally, many factors in a dog’s life, both genetic and environmental, could contribute to its intelligence. We don’t have nearly enough evidence to definitively say that size affects intelligence one way or the other.
Want to learn more about your pup? Check out Smallest Dog Breeds, Really Big Dog Breeds, and Do Herding Dogs Need to Learn How to Herd? at Cuteness.com!
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